Estimation question
How do you decide how many cash registers you need for a new Walmart store?
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What this question tests
Operational estimation combining expected customer traffic, average transaction time, and target wait time.
How to approach it
- Estimate peak hour customer traffic for a typical store, for example 200 customers checking out during the busiest hour.
- Estimate average checkout time per customer, for example three minutes including scanning and payment.
- Calculate register throughput, each register can process 60 divided by 3 equals 20 customers an hour.
- Divide peak demand by per register throughput to estimate registers needed, 200 divided by 20 equals 10 registers, then add a buffer for target wait time and self checkout mix.
- Account for self checkout lanes reducing traditional register need, and state a final range combining both types.
What a strong answer includes
- Anchors on peak hour demand specifically, since sizing for average traffic would create long lines during the busiest periods, the actual design constraint.
- Shows the throughput math clearly, 200 peak customers divided by 20 per register an hour equals 10 registers, then adds roughly 20 percent buffer for a comfortable wait time target.
- Explicitly factors in self checkout lanes as a substitute for some traditional registers, since most modern stores mix both, changing the final register count.
Common mistakes
- Using average daily traffic instead of peak hour traffic, which would understaff during the busiest period.
- No stated assumption for average checkout time per customer.
- Ignoring self checkout as an alternative that changes the traditional register count needed.
Likely follow-up questions
- How would this estimate change for a holiday shopping peak?
- How would you decide the right ratio of self checkout to staffed registers?
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Learn the skill behind it
Chapters of the AI PM course that teach what this question tests.
- Chapter 2: Data fluency: SQL, logs, and reading the truth yourself
- Chapter 9: Prove it paid off: outcomes, economics, and pricing
- Chapter 14: Get the job: the AI PM interview loop