Product design question
Design a friendly referral system for a loan company.
- Product design
- Medium
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What this question tests
Product design for a growth loop in a trust-sensitive financial product, balancing incentive design with fraud risk.
How to approach it
- Clarify the goal, new customer acquisition cost reduction or expanding into new borrower segments via referral.
- Identify the core mechanism, existing borrowers refer friends or family, both sides receive a reward tied to loan completion, not just sign-up.
- Address fraud risk, referral rewards must be tied to a real funded and repaid loan milestone, not just an account creation, to prevent gaming.
- Design the experience, a simple shareable link or code, a referral status tracker, and clear reward terms shown upfront.
- Consider regulatory constraints, loan referral incentives may be subject to lending regulations depending on the market.
- Define success metrics, referral-driven loan originations and referred-borrower repayment rate versus non-referred borrowers.
What a strong answer includes
- Ties the referral reward to loan funding and early repayment health, not just sign-up, directly addressing fraud and gaming risk.
- Flags the regulatory constraint explicitly, since incentivized lending referrals can trigger compliance requirements in some markets.
- Proposes tracking referred-borrower repayment quality, not just volume, since a referral program that brings risky borrowers is a net negative.
- Sets a business-relevant metric, cost per acquired loan via referral versus other channels, to judge real efficiency.
Common mistakes
- Rewarding sign-ups instead of funded, healthy loans, inviting fraud.
- Ignoring regulatory constraints on financial incentive programs.
- Not comparing referred borrower quality against other acquisition channels.
Likely follow-up questions
- How would you prevent referral fraud.
- What regulatory constraints would you need to check first.
- How would you measure the quality of referred borrowers versus others.
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Learn the skill behind it
Chapters of the AI PM course that teach what this question tests.
- Chapter 4: Discovery and strategy for AI products
- Chapter 7: AI UX and human oversight: design for a system that is wrong sometimes
- Chapter 14: Get the job: the AI PM interview loop